???????    Sysadmin  ??????????????  ????? ? ?????  ??????????  ???????????? ???????  ?????????????  ? ???????  ? ???????????  ???????? ? ??????  ???????????  ??????????? ???????  ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????  ??????  ??????  ?????? ?????? 1924-1994  ??????? ?? ??????  ???? ? ???????  ????? ??????????  ?????????

???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ? .htaccess ??????? ????????? .htaccess ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ? .htaccess ????? ??????? ?? .htaccess &nbsp;&nbsp;??? ???? ?????? .htaccess? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????? ????????? .htaccess ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? Files &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? FilesMatch ???????????????: &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? Redirect &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? RedirectMatch &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? RewriteCond ? RewriteRule &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ?????? ????????, ? ??????????? ?? IP ?????? ?????????? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ?????? ????????, ? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? (l??? ????????? ???????) &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? Order &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? Deny &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? Allow &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? IP ??????? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????????? IP ??????? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? AuthName &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? AuthType &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? AuthUserFile &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? AuthUserFile &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????. &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? 3-? ????????????? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ??????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????? &nbsp;&nbsp;??????: ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????? &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? DirectoryIndex - ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? (?????????) &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? AddOutputFilter - ????????? ??????? (SSI) &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? SetHandler - ????????? ??????????? (PHP, Parser) &nbsp;&nbsp;????????? ErrorDocument - ????????? ?????? ??????? htpasswd ??????? ???? .htaccess, ? ?????? ?????? ?????? 500 ??????. ??????? <!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ??? ???? ?????? .htaccess? ???? .htaccess ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???-??????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ?????, ????????????? ????????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ? ????????, ? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? .htaccess &#151; ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ????????? ? ????? .htaccess ??? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? &#151; ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???-?? ? ???? ?????, ????????? ??? ?? ???????? ? ????. ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? (??? ?? ??? ??? ??????????, ? ??????? ?? ??????????). ???? ???? .htaccess ?????????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???????, ?? ??? ???????? ???????????????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ??????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ???? .htaccess (? ????? ???? ????? "????" ???? ????? ?? ?????? .htaccess). ????????? ???? .htaccess ???????? ?????????, ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???-???????????? ?? ????????. ??????: ????????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????: (????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???? .htaccess /home/st1331/ | +--> | | | +-- .htaccess | | | +-- /www/news/ | | | | | +-- .htaccess | | +-- main.html | | | | | + /www/news/2003.10/ | | | | | | | + .htaccess | | | | | + /www/news/2003.11/ | | | +-- /www/data/ | | | | | +-- .htaccess | | +-- .htpasswd | | | +-- /www/images/ | +-- /home/st1331/cgi-bin (??? cgi ????????) | +-- /log (?????????) | +-- /stats (?????????) ???????? .htaccess ????????????? ???????????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ????? .htaccess: ?????????? ??????????? .htaccess /www/ /www/.htaccess /www/news/ /www/.htaccess /www/news/.htaccess /www/news/2003.10/ /www/.htaccess /www/news/.htaccess /www/news/2003.10/.htaccess /www/news/2003.11/ /www/.htaccess /www/news/.htaccess /www/data/ /www/.htaccess /www/data/.htaccess /www/images/ /www/.htaccess ??????? ????????? .htaccess •&nbsp;???? ? ?????? (???????????) ??????????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????????? ??????: DirectoryIndex /home/st1331/www/data/main.html ??????: DirectoryIndex /www/news/main.html •&nbsp;????????? ? ??????????, ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????: Redirect /oldsite/ http://www.site.ru/ ??????: Redirect /oldsite/ www.site.ru/ ??????????? - ??????, ???????????? ? ??????? #. ? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????? %{REMOTE_ADDR} ??? %{HTTP_REFERER}. •&nbsp; ???? .htaccess ?????? ???? ??????? ? UNIX-??????? — ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??? ????? ???????? (0x0A), ? ?? ????? (0x0D 0x0A), ??? ? DOS ??? Windows <!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? Files ?????????: ???????? Files ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? Syntax: &lt;Files filename&gt; ... &lt/Files&gt filename ??? ????? ??????: &lt;Files my_secure_document.html&gt; Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from 192.168.1.1 &lt;/Files&gt; ????????? FilesMatch ?????????: ???????? Files ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? Syntax: &lt;Files regex&gt; ... &lt/Files&gt regexp: ?????????? ????????? (??????), ??????????? ?????? ??????. ??????: &lt;FilesMatch ".(gif|jpe?g|png)$"&gt; Order Allow,Deny Allow from all Deny from 192.168.1.1 &lt;/Files&gt; <!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ??????????????? (?????????) ????????? Redirect ????????: ????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? URL. ????????? ??????? ???????? (??????? ???????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?????? URL). ?????????: Redirect [status] URL-path URL status: ?????????????? ????, ?????????? ??? ????????, ?????????? ????????: permanent (301 — ???????? ????????? ?????????), temp (302 — ???????? ????????? ????????), seeother (303 — ???????? ??????), gone (410 — ?????). URL-path: ????????? ????? URL ?????????????? ?????????. URL: URL ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? Redirect temp /  http://www.iho.ru/newyear.html Redirect temp /index.html http://www.iho.ru/newyear.html Redirect permanent /prices2002.html http://www.iho.ru/prices2003.html ????????? RedirectMatch ????????: ????????? ???????? ??????????, ?????????????? ???????? ?? ?????? URL. ????????? ??????? ???????? (??????? ???????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?????? URL). ????????? ?????????? Redirect, ?? ??????????? ????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? (??????) ?????????: Redirect [status] regexp URL status: ?????????????? ????, ?????????? ??? ????????, ?????????? ????????: permanent (301 — ???????? ????????? ?????????), temp (302 — ???????? ????????? ????????), seeother (303 — ???????? ??????), gone (410 — ?????). URL-path: ????????? ????? URL ?????????????? ?????????. regexp: ?????????? ????????? (??????), ??????????? ?????? URL-??. RedirectMatch (.*).gif$ http://www.myserver.com$1.png RedirectMatch (.*.jpg)$ http://www.myanother.com$1 ??????: ?????? ????????, ? ??????????? ?? IP ?????? ??????????. ? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????? 192.168.1.1 ???????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? RewriteCond %{REMOTE_ADDR} 192.168.1.1 RewriteRule ^/$ /anoter_index_pahe.html [L] ??????: ?????? ????????, ? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ????????. ? ??????? ??????????, ?????????? ?? ???????? http://www.partner.ru/> ?????? /prices.html ???????? /anoter_prices.html RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} http://www.partner.ru/recep.html RewriteRule ^/prices.html$ /anoter_prices.html [L] ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????: ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? /_vti_bin ????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?? Microsoft: redirect /_vti_bin http://www.microsoft.com redirect /scripts http://www.microsoft.com redirect /MSADC http://www.microsoft.com redirect /c http://www.microsoft.com redirect /d http://www.microsoft.com redirect /_mem_bin http://www.microsoft.com redirect /msadc http://www.microsoft.com RedirectMatch (.*)cmd.exe$ http://www.microsoft.com$1 <!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ??????????? ??????? (??????) ????????? Order ????????: ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? Deny ? Allow ?????????: Order ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? Deny,Allow ??? Allow,Deny ?? ?????????: Order Deny,Allow ????????? Deny ????????: ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ? ????????. ?????????: Deny from all|host host ????? ????????? ???????? IP ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ????????? Allow ????????: ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ? ????????. ?????????: Deny from all|host host ????? ????????? ???????? IP ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? Order Deny,Allow Deny from all ??????: ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? IP ??????? Order Deny,Allow Deny from all Allow from .iho.ru Allow from 192.168.1.1 ??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????????? IP ??????? Order Allow,Deny Allow from all Deny from .iho.ru Deny from 192.168.1.1 ??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????. ? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????? .htpasswd ??? ???? ??????????? &lt;Files ".htpasswd"&gt; Order Deny,Allow Deny from all &lt;/Files&gt; ??????: ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??????. ? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ???????????? "lib" ? "pm" ??? ???? ??????????? &lt;FilesMatch ".(lib|pm)$"&gt; Order Deny,Allow Deny from all &lt;/FilesMatch&gt; <!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? AuthName ????????: ???????? AuthName ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ? ????? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????. ????????? AuthType ????????: ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????????????. ???????? ????????? ????: Basic and Digest. ?????????: AuthType Basic|Digest ????????? AuthUserFile ????????: ???????? AuthUserFile ????????? ??? ????? ? ???????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????????. ???? ? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? htpasswd. ???? ? ????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ???-???????. ??????? ???? ? ???????? ? ?????, ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????????.. ?????????: AuthUserFile ????-?-????? ????????? Require ????????: ?????????? ?????????????, ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????: Require ???-????????????|valid-user ???????? valid-user ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????????, ????????????? ? ????? ???????. ??????: ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????: AuthName "Restricted area" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/st1331/www/data/.htpasswd Require valid-user ??????: ????????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? 3-? ?????????????: AuthName "Very restricted area" AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/st1331/www/data/.htpasswd Require antonio solo marina ??????: ??????????? ??????? ? ???????????? ?????? (? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? zip ???????) &lt;FilesMatch ".zip$"&gt; AuthName "Only valid users can download zip files." AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/st1331/www/data/.htpasswd Require valid-user &lt;/FilesMatch&gt; ??????: ??????????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? (? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ????? .htpasswd) &lt;Files ".htpasswd"&gt; AuthName "Access restricted." AuthType Basic AuthUserFile /home/st1331/www/data/.htpasswd Require antonio solo &lt;/Files&gt; <!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ?????????? ???????? ????????? DirectoryIndex - ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? (?????????) ????????: ????????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????????: DirectoryIndex page [page] page - ???????? ????????? ????????. ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????. ??????: DirectoryIndex main.html index.php test.shtml ????????? ErrorDocument - ????????? ?????? ????????: ????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????: ErrorDocument code URL-path URL-path - ????????? ????? ???????? code - ??? ??????. ???????? ???????? ???? ???????: 401 &#151; ????????? ??????????? (Authorization Required) 403 &#151; ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????, ?????? ?? ?????? (Forbided) 404 &#151; ????????????? ???????? (????, ??????????) ?? ?????? (Not Found) 500 &#151; ?????????? ?????? ??????? &#151; ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? .htaccess - (Internal Server Error) ErrorDocument 401 /401.html ErrorDocument 403 /403.html ErrorDocument 404 /404.html ErrorDocument 500 /500.html ????????? AddOutputFilter - ????????? ??????? (SSI) &lt;FilesMatch ".(mytype)$"&gt; SetOutputFilter INCLUDES &lt;/Directory&gt; ????????? SetHandler - ????????? ??????????? (PHP, Parser) ????????: ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ?????????: SetHandler handler-name SetHandler php-script ????????? AddHandler - ????????? ??????????? (PHP, Parser) ????????: ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????: AddHandler handler-name filename-extension AddHandler php-script .html AddHandler parser-script .htm ????????? AddDefaultCharset - ????????? ??????????? (PHP, Parser) ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????????? Windows-1251 AddDefaultCharset koi8-r <!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ??? ????????? ???? ???????????? SSI ?????????? SSI ????????? "????????" ???????? ?? ????????. ? ????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????, ? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????, ? ??????? - ??????. ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ? ???? ???????. ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ? httpd.conf: ? ?????, ???????????? ? &lt;Directory/&gt; ? ??????????????? &lt;/Directory&gt; ? ?????? Options Indexes ???????? Includes. ?????, ? ????? .htaccess ?????: AddOutputFilter Includes .html .htm ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????, ??? ? ??? ??? ???????, ???????????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ?????????? img. ?????????? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????. ???????, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????. ? .htaccess ?????: <!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> htpasswd ????????? htpasswd ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ????????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ????????????? ???-????????. ??????: ???????? ????? ? ???????? ? ?????????? ? ???? 1 ?????: htpasswd -c Filename username ??????: ?????????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ???????? htpasswd Filename username2 <!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> ??????? ???? .htaccess, ? ?????? ?????? ?????? 500 ??????. ??????? 500-? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????: 1. ???????? ????????? .htaccess 2. ???? .htaccess ??????? ? ??????? Windows, ? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ??????? UNIX ???????? ??????? ? htaccess base (100&nbsp;??) standard (250&nbsp;??) optima (300&nbsp;??) profi (400&nbsp;??) elite (500&nbsp;??) extreme (700&nbsp;??) ????????? ????? .ru .com .net .org .name .biz .info .spb.ru .msk.ru .com.ru .net.ru .org.ru .pp.ru &nbsp; Copyright 2002-2004 IHO networks  http://www.iho.ru • ??????????? ?? URL ??????????????? • ?????? Apache ? chroot ????????? • ?????? Apache ? jail environment ??? FreeBSD