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 ?????? ?????? 1924-1994
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Âíèìàíèå! ×èòàÿ ïðîðî÷åñòâà íà ýòîì ñàéòå ïîìíèòå ÷òî äîñòîâåðíîñòü òðóäíî ïðîâåðèòü è âñå ìîæåò âî âðåìåíè èçìåíÿòüñÿ - ñàìîå ãëàâíîå äóìàòü ñâîåé ãîëîâîé è íå âåðèòü ëåãêîìûñëåííî âñåìó ÷òî ãîâîðÿò, îñîáåííî ñîâåòñêîå òåëåâèäåíèå
"Î äíå æå òîì, èëè ÷àñå, íèêòî íå çíàåò, íè Àíãåëû íåáåñíûå, íè Ñûí, íî òîëüêî Îòåö (Ìê. 13, 32)"

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"????????????? - ?????????? ???????? ? ?? ?????????. "?????? ????, ?????????? ? 1970 ????? ????? ‘???????????????? ?????? ????’ ?? ?????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? (U.P.C. - ?????-????). ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. "?????? ???? ???????? ? 1973 ?. ? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ????????????, ??????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ? ?????-???. ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ????????. ?????????????, ?????, ? ????????, ??????????? ????? - ?????? ??? ???? ????." www.aha.ru/~stnikola/

? ????????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ? ?????????, ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????. ? ??? ???? ?????-?? ????????: ??????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????-????? ????????? "????? ?????", ? ????? ??????????, ??? ??? ? ????????-?? ??? ??????.

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????????? ?????? ????????,??????? ???????? ?????-???. ?-? Laurer, ???????????? ?????-???? UPC, ?????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ????? " ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?????."

?? ??? web-????? ???? ???????? "????????", ??? ?? ?? ?????? "666" ???????? ????????? ???????:

?????? #8 - ???? ????, ??? ??????? ????? (?????, ? ???????? ? ??????) - ????? 6,6,6... ? ??? - ????????????? ?????????? ???. ? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????, ? ???????, ??? ??????. ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ? ??????. ??? ?? ????

?????- ??, ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ?????. ? ????? ????????????? ????? 6 ???????:

1 ?????? ??????,

1 ????? ??????,

1 ?????? ?????? ?

4 ????? ??????.

? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????, ? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ??? "????? ?????" ( ????., ????? 13, ???????? 18). ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????, ??? ??? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? 6 ????. ? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????. (?? website)


??????????, ??? ???????????? ???????????? ? www.av1611.org/666/barcode.html -????? - ???????????? ?????, ?
??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ?????? ?? 1 ??? 3, ??? 5, ? ?.?. — ????? ????? ? ?? 666? - ?????????? ??????. ??? ????????, ??? ?????? "MARK" ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????????
charagma, ?????? ???????? chara? [khar'-az] ?? charasso (????????) ???, ?????, ?.?. palisad - ?????, ??????????, ????????.

???? ?????????? ??????, ??? ?????-???? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????.

?????????????????

??????? ???????????? "?????? ?????????????? ???????"??????????????? ? ?????????. ??? ?????????????
?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ????? 1990.

???????????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? (? ??? ??. ?????????).

p>??????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ?????????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????, ??????? ???????? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????.
??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????, ????????, ?????????????????? ????????????
??????? ??? ????????????. ?????????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ??????. ????????????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ? ???????????? ? ????????????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????. ??? ??? ??????????????
???? ???????? ????, ? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????????.

????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????
??????????, ??????????? ? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ? ????? ???????. ??????, ? 1987 ? ?????? Perth, Australia 40,000 ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????? ? ????????? "??? ??????? ?????! ??????? 666! ??? ???????? ?????????????!"

?? ?????? ????????? ?????? (????? 1993 ?.) ?? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ??? ??????, ??? ??
?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ???? ??????.

?????????? ??????????, ??? ???????? ? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ?? ??????????????, ??? ????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ????? (??? ??? ????????).

?????? ? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ? ????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ???????????.

????? ?????? ???? ? 1990 ???? ???????, ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ????????????????? ????? ? ?????? (?????????), ? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ???????? ?????.

????? ?? ???????

????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????. ???? ? ???, ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????, ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ????????? ? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ?????. ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????.

? ?????? 1992, ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??????????, ??? ?????????????? ??????? ???????—320 ????????? ????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ?????????????, ???????????? ????????????. ??? ?????????? "???????????? 2000," ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ??????????, ??????????? ? ????????.

???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ??????. ??? ????????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???? "?????? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ????????? ??? ? ? ???????????????? ??????, ????? 666." ( ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????, ?? ???????? ? ??? ???). ???? ????????? ?????? "?????."

???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????.

????????, ???????? Porter Lee ?? ?????? ?????-????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????, ????????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ???. ????????? ???????? ??????? -"?????" ( BEAST — Bar coded Evidence Analysis Statistics and Tracking.)

? ????? 2, 1999, ? ???????? Thomas W. Heeter ???????????? "????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ?????????".

? ????????? ??????? ??????????:

"??? ?????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????. ??? ????, ????? ?????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ? ???????????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???????????. "

??? ????????, ??? ?????? ??????????? Heeter ??????????. ??? ????? ?????????, ???????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????. ?????? ????????, ??? ? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????????. "????????? ???, ? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ? ????????? ????? $1 ????????? ? 2003." (WorldNet Daily, September 30, 1999)

??? ??????????? ??????? ?????-????. ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????-????? ???? ????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????? ( ?? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????) ? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ???. ????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???? ???????? ?????: "?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????."

????????????? ? ??? ? ??????

????????? ???? ? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ? Los Alamos, NM. ??? ?????????????? ??????-?????????? ???????? ? ???????????? ????, ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????? ? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????. ? ?????? ????? ?????????????????? ? ??????? ? ????????, ??????????????? ??? ??????? I.D. ????? Marin ?????????? ?????? ??????? Infor-Pet I.D. ? ?????? 1989.

??????? ????????????? ???????????: ????? ????????? (??? ??????????) ???????? ????????. ???? ???????????? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ????????.[1]

?????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?, ??????????? ?????????????? ???????. ?????????????? ???????. ????????? - ????? ?????? ? ???????. ????? ????? $30.[8] ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ??????????. ??? ????, ????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????.[9] (????????????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???????). ??? ????????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ?? ????????. ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????????, ????????? ????? ? ???????????? ????????.[10] ?????? ??????????? ????????????, ??? ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? - ????? ????? ?????????????.[11] ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ? ?? ???????????.[12] ?????? - ??-?? ??????? ??????????, ????????????? ????????? ??????????????.

????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????. ??? 1967 Alan Westin, ????????, ???????? ??????????? "?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ".[2] / ont>

??????? ????????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ???????.

????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ???. ???????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ? ???, ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ? ????.[14] ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????.[28]

? ??????? ????????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ????????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????? - ??????????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????. ? ????????? ?????? ? ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ? ???????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????.

??????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???,[41] ???????? ??? ????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????. ? 1995 ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? $1 ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????.[42] ?????????????? $28 ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????[43].

??? ????, ????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????, ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? (1994 ???) ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????? ?????. [54] ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? [55].

???? ?? ??????????? ? ??????, ??????????, ????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????. ? ????????? ??????????? (? ????? ????????) ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? (??????? ??????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???). ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ? ?????? ?????????.[*] ????????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????????????? ????????????? ? ????? ??????????. ????? ??????? ? ???, ??? ?????????, ? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????, ????? ????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????. ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? "??????????" ? ???????????? ????.

???????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ???.

??? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ????????.[31] / font> ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????????. ? ??? ???
??????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? (SSN). ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????.
[32]

????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ?? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????, ?? ???? SSN. ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????? SSN. ?? ??, ?? ??? ????, ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? SSN. ???? ???????? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ????????????, ?? ????? ?????????, ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????, ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ? ??? (???, 1998) ? ????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ???????.

????? ? 1989 ???? ????????????? ?? ???????? SSN, ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ??????? ?? ??????????? SSN. ?????? ???????? SSN ???? ????????????, ?? 1996 ???? ????????? ????? ???????, ?? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ????????.

? 1997 ????, ???????? ???????????? ????????, ?? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????, ?, ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ??????????? SSN ??? ?????. ? ?????? ??????????, ??? "??? ???????", ????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????, ? ? ???????????? ?????? ????? ?????? "?????? ?????". ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ? ?????? ????????.

??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????, ??????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? SSN, ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????, ???? ?? ?? ????????, ?? ????? ?????? ? ???.

??????? ????????? ?? ?????????, ??? ?? ?????? "???????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????".

????? ????????? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ???? ????? ??????????????, ?? ?????????? ?????? ??, ??? ????? - ??? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ? ????.

??????? ???? ???????, ?? ????????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????, ? ????????? ? ???? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???.

? 1985 ???? ? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????, ??? SSN ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? "????? ?????." ? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ????? "????? ?????????? ???????" (Relfe, Dr. Mary Stewart; The New Money System, Ministries, Inc.: Montgomery, AL, 1982.). ?? ?? ????????. ???? ? ?????????.

??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????, ???????????? ? ?????? ?????-???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ????????????? ???. ?? ????? ???? - ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????, ????????? ???????, ????????????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????????, ???? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????????.

"????????????? - ?????????? ???????? ? ?? ?????????.

"?????? ????, ?????????? ? 1970 ????? ????? ‘???????????????? ?????? ????’ ?? ?????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? (U.P.C. - ?????-????). ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????.

"?????? ???? ???????? ? 1973 ?. ? ????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ????????????, ??????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ???????????? ? ?????-???. ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ????????. ?????????????, ?????, ? ????????, ??????????? ????? - ?????? ??? ???? ????."

?-? Relfe ????????????, ??? ? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ?????:

"????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ????????, ?? ????????? ???, ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ? ????????? ??? ? ????? ????????, ????? ??????, ????? ?????, ? ????? ???????????? ?????. ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????." ( ?he New Money System)

?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ? ?????????? ?????-???????.

??????? ? 1998 ???? ? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????-???????? ? ???????. ????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????? Charles Robb of Virginia ?????? ?????????: ? ????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????, ????? ???????????, ????? ???, ????? ????????????, ????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ????????, ??????????? ??????, ?????, ????? ?????????? ?????, ???????? ?????, ? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????, ?????????? ??????????." ?? ????? ?????-?????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?????????:

"??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????: ????? MARC. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????-??????? ????? ? ? ????????? ????, ? ???? ??? ????????? ????, ?? ????? ????????????? ?? ?? ??? ??????????? ????. ????? MARC ???????? ????????????? ???????????. ????? MARC ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ????? MARC ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????. ????? MARC ????? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ????? ???????."

" ????? MARC - ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????-????. ?????- ????? ??????? ????? MARC ????????? ???? ???????????? ????? - ?????????????? -,????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?????-???? ????????. ? ?????? ????? - ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ?????? ?????-????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????????." ( Senate Floor Statement by Senator Charles S. Robb, July 7, 1997 )

???????????? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? "MARC" ??? ????? ???????? ?????????. (??? ????? ????? ?????????? "???????? ????????".)

????? ????? ???????:

U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) agency ????????? ??? National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), ? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) ?????????? ????????????? SSN ??? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????? ??? ???????.

"??????, ? ??????? ????????? SSN ??? ??????????? ???????, ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????. ??????, ??????? - ????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????????? "?????? ?????????? ????" ??? "?????". ??????? ? ????, ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????. ??????????, ??? ? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ????????, ? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????, ??????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????????, ? ??????????, ??? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? SSN. ??? ?????????? ????? "??? ??????? ????? " ???????????? ?????? DPS ? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ? ????? ???????…"

??? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??????????.

??????????? ???????? ? ??????????

???? ??????????, ??????? ????????????? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ?????????.[37] ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????, ????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ????????? ????: ????????, ????????, ????????????????? ??? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????????????????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??????.[38]

? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????? (???????????). ??? ????? ??????? ? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????????????? ??????.[49] ??? ????????????? ??????????, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????????? (???????????? ?????????????). ?????????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ? ???????????? ???????????, ???????? ??? ????????? ? ??????????????? ??????????.

??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????, ???????? British Telecom, ????????????? ????????? ???????? (NIH). ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????, ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ?? ???????, ??????????? ????????? ??? ? ????? "???????? ???????". ?? ??? ????????? ??????????, ???????????????? ? ???????, ?????????? ??? ?? ????????? .. ?????????. (5,629,678), ?? ??? ???, ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ? ???????????????? ????? ?????????. (4,706,689).

?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????-????. ??? - ?????????????????? ???????????? ?????. ??? "???????????" ??? ????????????. ??? ????? ???????????, ?????????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????.

????????, ??????????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????-????????????? ????? ?????? 43% ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???????????? ???????????, 57% - ??????. ???????? (??? ???????? ????????) ???????????????? ??? "?????? ?????" ?? ????????.

??????????

????????, ? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????. ???????????? ???????????, ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ? ????, ?.?. ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ? ???????????, ? "???????? ???", ? ????? ??????? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????. ????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ???? ??? - "????? ????????? ?? ??????", ? ?????? ??? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ???. ????????? ??? ????? ??? ????????, ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?????????????, ??????????? ? ??? ? ??????, ? ???????????? ? ??? ? ????? ??????????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ????, ????????? ??????????? ? ??? "??????? ???" ??????? ???? ? ???. ? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????, ? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???, ?? ? ???????, ?? ? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ????.

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* ?-? Ramesh - ??????? ? ????????-???????????? ?????? Nalco Chemical Co., Naperville, Ph.D. ? ?????. ??? ?????????? Professor Lori Andrews ?? ??????.

[1] The device is easily implanted by means of injection through a needle, into the shoulder of the animal. A hand-held or pass-by scanner is used to check the animal for the presence of the microchip. Richard Louv, Walking Around With A Chip in its Shoulder, The San Diego Union-Trib., June 15, 1994, at A-2.

[2] ????? ????? ???????, ??? ? ???????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????????? ?????. ??? ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????, ? ???????????????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????. ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ?????." Alan F. Westin, Privacy and Freedom 86 (1967). However, proving that old adage that there is nothing new under the sun, the concept may be attributed to far earlier authors. The Book of Revelation of the Bible contains the following statement: "He also forced everyone, small and great, to receive a mark on his right hand or on his forehead, so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number of his name." Revelation 13:16-17. That mark could well be the microchip implant.

3] Intrusion does not refer to the physical act of implantation but rather the effect that the implantation will have on the individual's control over his body and on his privacy rights.

[4] This view was adopted by Justice Rehnquist in a Supreme Court decision concerning beeper surveillance where the respondent had indicated that if beeper surveillance were constitutional, "twenty-four hour surveillance of any citizen of this country will be possible, without judicial knowledge or supervision." The opinion stated "if such dragnet-type law enforcement practices as respondent envisions should eventually occur, there will be time enough then to determine whether different constitutional principles may be applicable." U.S. v. Knotts, 460 U.S. 276, 283 (1983).

[5] It has been recognized that "[a] true national identity document would be mandatory". Robert Ellis Smith, The True Terror is in the Card, The New York Times, Sept. 8, 1996 at 58.

[6] The statement by Justice Rehnquist that there will be time enough to consider legal ramifications of incipient technologies as they arise is inapplicable in this case because of the dire consequences to humans involved.

[7] Betsy Siino, Where Will the Chips Fall? Innovations in Pet Identification Systems, 47 Pet Product News 24 (1993).

[8] The procedure costs $30 and there is a $15 fee for listing in the registry. The scanner costs more than $400. Mary Stephens, Chip Implant Eases Lost Pet's Identification, The Columbus Dispatch, Aug. 13, 1994, at 1C.

[9] Id.

[10] / > Large corporations such as Schering-Plough have become involved with the sales and marketing of these devices. Destron/IDI Has Distribution Agreement with Schering-Plough, PR Newswire, June 16, 1994, available in Lexis-Nexis Library, News File. Interestingly, it has been predicted that "companies making electronic detection devices will move quickly `into the human market, because there's not enough money in pets and livestock.'" Louv, supra note 1, at A2.

[11] Avid, Trovan, and Destron are the three competing manufacturers. The questions of which scanners are able to accurately read which chips is disputed. Siino, supra note 6, at 24.

[12] Id.

14] /a> Medical researchers are also currently "developing a system in which a microchip implanted on the retina feeds visual information through to the brain." For those blinded due to retinal deficiencies, the chips will aid vision by passing signals received in response to light to human nerve cells. Carl Franklin, Chip Gives Sight To The Blind, Sunday Times, Feb. 26, 1995.

[27] U.S. Patent No. 5,037,301.

[28] Id. Identification of missing children and criminals are envisaged uses of this invention. Health information and other identifying information may also be inscribed on the microchip according to the inventors.

[29] Personal touch at your fingertips, The Sunday Star-Times, Dec. 8, 1996, at 5. Such a device would allow a transfer of information between humans during a handshake.

[31] Eric Grossman, Comment, Conceptualizing National Identification: Information Privacy Rights Protected, 19 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1007 (1986). The impact of a national identification card on an individual's right of informational privacy has been described in terms of a balancing act between public interest and probability of harm to the individual. However, in this Comment the author concluded that "[a] national identifier does not infringe informational privacy per se because there is not personal information in the number itself. "

[32] Trudy Hayden & Jack Novik, Your Rights To Privacy 100 (1980). Additionally, the safeguards required for the SSN to be a universal identifier are not in place i.e., internal check features to prevent falsification and to prevent reuse of the number after a person's death.

[37] See, Law Society opposes Australia Card, Law Soc'y J., June 1986, at 32.

[38] The government had proposed that a registry linking the ID number to specific information be kept for each citizen. Adam Marshall, The "Australia Card" A Survey of the Privacy Problems Arising from the Proposed Introduction of an Australian Identity Card, 2 J.L. & Info. Sci., 111, 113-115 (1986).

[41] Alan K. Simpson, That's not the Idea, The Plain Dealer, Aug. 15, 1994, at 9B.

[42] "The INS's budget went up 25 percent from 1994 to 1995, and under the president's proposal it would go up another 24 percent." Susan R. Kneller, Daily Labor Rep., Feb. 7, 1995, available in Lexis-Nexis Library, News File.

[43] Id.

[49] See, e.g., John Shattuck, In the Shadow of 1984: National Identification Systems, Computer-Matching, and Privacy in the United States, 35 Hastings L. J. 991 (1984), Jonathan P. Graham, Privacy, Computers, and the Commercial Dissemination of Personal Information, 65 Tex. L. Rev. 1395 (1987), Whalen v. Roe, 429 U.S. 589 (1977) (State of New York's desire to have the names and addresses of all people who filled certain classes of prescription drugs which could have legal or illegal uses ruled to be a reasonable exercise of the State's broad police powers). But see, John Doe v. City of New York, 15 F. 3d 264 (2nd Cir. 1994) (regarding a press release concerning conciliatory agreement revealed that individual had AIDS, the court stated that he had a constitutional right to privacy regarding his medical condition).

54] The connection between a universal health card and a national ID card is close because one could easily be adapted for the purposes of the other. Charles Oliver, Do We Need a National ID Card? Investor's Business Daily, Aug. 12, 1994, at 1.

[55] See, e.g., supra note 23.

[56] Mastercard Will Support Smart Card Technology, EFT Report, Aug. 3, 1994, available in Lexis-Nexis Library, News File. The program should be phased in by the end of the year 2000 and is expected to save more than $3 billion worldwide. The changeover involves cards containing the chips and terminals to read the new cards.

[57] Graham Greenleaf, The Australia Card: Towards a National Surveillance System, Law Soc'y J., Oct. 1987 at 24, 25. The same article also reveals that "[e]very person in Australia will be required to obtain a Card, including children. The Bill does not make it legally compulsory: it simply makes it impossible for anyone to exist in Australian society without it because they will be unable to carry out normal activities... such as operation of bank accounts."

[88] The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reads:

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

[107] U. S. Const. amend. V.

[115] The Fourteenth Amendment reads: "nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law." The Fifth, applicable to the federal government reads similarly.






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