???????    Sysadmin  ??????????????  ????? ? ?????  ??????????  ???????????? ???????  ?????????????  ? ???????  ? ???????????  ???????? ? ??????  ???????????  ??????????? ???????  ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????????  ??????  ??????  ?????? ?????? 1924-1994  ??????? ?? ??????  ???? ? ???????  ????? ??????????  ?????????

Quota mini-HOWTO ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? Linux, ????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ? ????? ? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????, ?????????? ? ?????? 2.x (????????? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????? -- 2.4.21). Quota mini-HOWTO Ralf van Dooren r.vdooren@snow.nl v0.5, 2003-08-09 ??????? ?? ???????: (c) ???? ????? Preamble: This document is written by Ralf van Dooren (r.vdooren@snow.nl). Original text and setup of this document is copyleft-ed by Albert M.C. Tam, many thanks to him for this initial mini-HOWTO. This document is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. Permission to use, copy, distribute this document for non-commercial purposes is hereby granted, provided that the author's / editor's name and this notice appear in all copies and/or supporting documents; that this document is not modified. This document is distributed in hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, either expressed or implied. While every effort has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information documented herein, the author / editor / maintainer assumes NO RESPONSIBILITY for errors, or for damages results for the use of the information documented herein. ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ??????? Linux, ????????? ???? ??? ????????????? ? ????? ? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ???????????? ??? ?????????????, ?????????? ? ?????? 2.x (????????? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ??????? -- 2.4.21). ?????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ???, ?? ????? r.vdooren at snow.nl. ? ???? ???????????. 1. ??? ????? ?????? 1.1 ??? ???? ????? ?????? 1.2 ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? Linux 2. ?????????? ??? ???? 2.1 ???? 2.2 ??????????? ??????????? ???? 3. ????????? ????: ????????? ? ???????????? 3.1 ???? ???? 3.2 ?????????????????? ???? ???? 3.3 ????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? 3.4 ???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? 3.5 ????????? /etc/fstab 3.6 ????????? ??????? ???????????? 3.7 ?????????? quotacheck ? crontab 4. ????????? ????????????: ??????? 4.1 ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? 4.2 ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? 4.3 ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? 4.4 ?????? ????? 4.5 ??????? ????? 4.6 ?????? ???????? 5. ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? 5.1 Quotacheck 5.2 Repquota 5.3 Quotaon and Quotaoff 1. ??? ????? ?????? 1.1 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????: ????? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????, ? ????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????. ???? ???????????? ??????????? ? ??????????? ????????? ????????????, ?????????? ????????????. ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???????. ????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ????????????, ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???. ??? ?????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??????. 1.2 ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? Linux ? ????????? ????? ? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ??? ? ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ? ?????? ? ????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ????, ??? ???????? ??? ??????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ?????? linuxquota. ???? ? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ??? ????????????, ??, ???? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??, ? ???????? ? ???. ?????? ???????? ???, ???? ? ??? ???????? ???????. ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? Linux ? ?? ???????????? ????????????. 2. ?????????? ??? ???? 2.1 ???? ???????? ??? ???? 2.x ???????? ?? ????? http://www.kernel.org>. ??????????, ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??? ????????. ???? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? tar, ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? .bz2. ?????????????? ????: cd /usr/src tar jxvf /path/to/linux-2.4.21-tar.bz2 - ??? ????, ??????? bzip2 - tar zxvf /path/to/linux-2.4.21-tar.gz - ??? ????, ??????? gzip - ln -s /usr/src/linux-2.4.21 /usr/src/linux 2.2 ??????????? ??????????? ???? ? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? Linux ? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ????????????. ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????, ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? SourceForge. ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota.> 3. ????????? ????: ????????? ? ???????????? 3.1 ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? : ftp://atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/pub/local/jack/quota/. ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ????. ????????? ???? ???? ???????? 'patch'. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????, ??????????? ???????????? ?? ? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ( ? ???????, ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ? /tmp/quota/, ? ???? ??????????????? ? ??????? /usr/src/linux) : #!/bin/sh gunzip /tmp/quota/*.gz cd /usr/src/linux COUNT=`ls -1 /tmp/quota/*.diff | wc -l` for I in `seq 1 $COUNT` do patch -p1 < /tmp/quota/quota-2.4.21-$I-*.diff done 3.2 ?????????????????? ???? ???? ?????????????????? ???? ???? ? ???????? ????????? ????. ? ??????? `make menuconfig` ??? `make xconfig` ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ? ???? Filesystems. ?????, ??? ?????????????, ??????? ?????????????? ?????????, ???????? ????????? 32-?????? UID. ????????? ???????????? ? ????????????? ????. ?????????, ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ????, ?????????????? ?????. 3.3 ????????????? ? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????, ????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????, ???, ????????, ????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????. ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???? ??????. ????? ???????? ?????????: $ gzip -dc <downloaded file> | tar xvf $ cd quota-tools (??????? ???????, ? ??????? ????????? ???????) $ ./configure $ make $ su # make install 3.4 ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????: # ????????? ? ???????????? ?????. if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotacheck ] then echo "Checking quotas. This may take some time." /usr/sbin/quotacheck -avug echo " Done." fi if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotaon ] then echo "Turning on quota." /usr/sbin/quotaon -avug fi ??????? ??????? ??????: ??????????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? /etc/fstab, ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. ? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ? ????????????????? ???????. 3.5 ????????? /etc/fstab ???????, ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ???????? ???: /dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults 1 1 ??? ????, ????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ???????, ???????? ???? "usrquota" ? ????????? ????, ?????????? ?????"defaults" (?? ????????????? ??????????? ? man fstab). /dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,usrquota 1 1 ???????? ???? "usrquota" ?? "grpquota", ???? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????. /dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,grpquota 1 1 ????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. /dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda2 /usr ext2 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1 3.6 ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ???????, ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ????. ?????????? ???? ? ?????????? ???? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????? quotacheck ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????. 3.7 ?????????? quotacheck ? crontab ??????? ????????? ????????? quotacheck. ????????, ??? ? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ? ???? crontab: 0 3 * * 0 /sbin/quotacheck -avug 4. ????????? ????????????: ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????? ??????? edquota (?? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ??????? `man edquota`). 4.1 ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????. ? ???? ??????? ???? ???????????? ? ?????? bob. ??????? "edquota -u bob" ???????? ???????? vi (??? ????? ??????, ????????? ? ?????????? ????????? $EDITOR) ??? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? bob ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ???????? ????????? ????????????: Quotas for user bob: /dev/hda3: blocks in use: 2594, limits (soft = 5000, hard = 6500) inodes in use: 356, limits (soft = 1000, hard = 1500) "blocks in use" -- ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? (? ??????????) ?????????????? ????????????? ?? ???????. "inodes in use" -- ????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ?-???. 4.2 ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ??????? ?????? games. ??????? "edquota -g games" ????? ??????? ??? ???????? vi ??? ?????????????? ????? ??? ?????? games: Quotas for group games: /dev/hda4: blocks in use: 5799, limits (soft = 8000, hard = 10000) inodes in use: 1454, limits (soft = 3000, hard = 4000) 4.3 ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ??????, ??? ??? ?????????????, ?????? ????????????? ????? ??? ???????????? bob, ? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? bob'?, ????? ???? ???????: edquota -p bob `awk -F: '$3 > 499 {print $1}' /etc/passwd` ????? ? ???????, ??? ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? csh, ? ???????????????? UID ?????????? ?? ???????? 500. ? ?????????? ? edquota ?????????? ??? ???????, ? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????????: "?????? ?????", "??????? ?????" ? "?????? ????????" (Soft Limit, Hard Limit, Grace Period). 4.4 ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????????. ? ?????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ? ?????????? ????? ?????. 4.5 ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????. 4.6 ?????? ???????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? "edquota -t", ?????? ???????? -- ??? ?????? ???????, ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????????. ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ? ????????, ???????, ?????, ????, ??????? ? ??????? [ sec(onds), min(utes), hour(s), day(s), week(s), month(s) ]. ???, ??? ?? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? "edquota -t": Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users: /dev/hda2: block grace period: 0 days, file grace period: 0 days ???????? ????? ??????, ?????????? "0 days" ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ????? ? ??????????? 7 ???? (??? 1 ??????). 5. ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? 5.1 Quotacheck Quotacheck ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????????? ? ?????????? ????? "aquota.user", ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ? ?????????? ????????? quotacheck ??? ???????? ? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??? cron (??????, ?????? ???????). 5.2 Repquota Repquota ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? repquota: # repquota -a Block limits File limits User used soft hard grace used soft hard grace root -- 175419 0 0 14679 0 0 bin -- 18000 0 0 735 0 0 uucp -- 729 0 0 23 0 0 man -- 57 0 0 10 0 0 user1 -- 13046 15360 19200 806 1500 2250 user2 -- 2838 5120 6400 377 1000 1500 5.3 Quotaon and Quotaoff ??????? quotaon ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????, ????? ??? quotaoff ??? ?? ??????????. ?????????? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ??????????? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????. Copyright (c) 2003, Ralf van Dooren ????????? ?? ??????? ????????